Java Swing animation looks messy How to make it look pro?

Update: semiconplex animation swing timer = trainwreck The ultimate source of the problem is the Java timer, both swing and utility versions They are unreliable, especially when comparing performance between operating systems By implementing a running thread, the program runs smoothly on all systems http://zetcode.com/tutorials/javagamestutorial/animation/. In addition, the toolkit getDefaultToolkit(). Adding sync () to the paintcomponent () method is obviously helpful

I wrote some in AWT The code for smooth animation in applet (but flashing), and then I refactor it into Java swing Now it won't blink, but it looks shocking I made a mistake with the timer, but it won't work Any tips or suggestions on smooth animation swing components will be appreciated

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.awt.event.; import java.awt.;
import javax.swing.*;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

public class Ball extends JApplet{

public static void main(String[] args) {
    SwingUtilities.invokelater(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            JFrame frame = new JFrame();
            frame.setTitle("And so the ball rolls");
            frame.setDefaultCloSEOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            initContainer(frame);
            frame.pack();
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    });
}
public static void initContainer(Container container){

   GraphicsPanel graphicsPanel = new GraphicsPanel();
   MainPanel mainPanel = new MainPanel(graphicsPanel);
   container.add(mainPanel);
   graphicsPanel.startTimer();

}

@Override
public void init(){
    initContainer(this);
}

}
////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////
MainPanel类扩展了JPanel {
JLabel label = new JLabel(“Particles”);
GraphicsPanel gPanel;
    public MainPanel(GraphicsPanel gPanel){
        this.gPanel = gPanel;
        add(gPanel);
        add(label);
    }

}
////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////
GraphicsPanel类扩展了JPanel实现的MouseListener {
    private ArrayList<Particle> ballArr = new ArrayList<Particle>();
    private String state="s";         //"s"=spiral,"p"=particle
    private int speed=10;             //~20 Hz
    private Timer timer;

    public GraphicsPanel(){
        System.out.println("echo from gpanel");
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500,500));
        timer = new Timer(speed,new TimerListener());
        addMouseListener(this);
    }

    public void startTimer(){
        timer.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g){

        super.paintComponent(g);
         for (Particle b: ballArr){
              g.setColor(b.getColor());
              g.fillOval(b.getXCoor(),b.getYCoor(),b.getTheSize(),b.getTheSize());
         }
    }

    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
        ballArr.add(new Particle(e.getX(),e.getY(),state));
    }
    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}
    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){}
    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){}
    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {}

    class TimerListener implements ActionListener {
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
             for (Particle b: ballArr)
                 b.move();
             setBackground(Color.WHITE);
             repaint();

        }
    }

}
////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////
粒子类
{
private static int instanceCount; {{instanceCount;}}
private int z = 11,t = 1,u = 1;
private int [] RGB = new int [3];
private int [] randomizeColor = new int [3];
私人双半径,θ;
private int x,y,centerX,centerY,size,spiralDirection = 1,
ballSizeLowerBound,ballSizeUpperBound,
radiusLowerBound,radiusUpperBound,
mouseInputX,mouseInputY,
radiusXMultiplier,radiusYMultiplier;
私人色彩;
私人字符串状态;
随机随机random = new Random();
////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////
public Particle(int x,int y,int centerX,int centerY,int radius,
int theta,int size,Color color){
this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.centerX =的centerX; this.centerY = centerY;
this.radius =半径; this.theta =峰; this.size =大小; this.color =颜色;
}
public Particle(int mouseInputX,int mouseInputY,String state){
this.mouseInputX = mouseInputX;
this.mouseInputY = mouseInputY;
this.state =状态;
//随机化颜色
RGB [0] = random.nextInt(252);
RGB [1] = random.nextInt(252);
RGB [2] = random.nextInt(252);
randomizeColor [0] = 1 random.nextInt(3);
randomizeColor [0] = 1 random.nextInt(3);
randomizeColor [0] = 1 random.nextInt(3);
的centerX = mouseInputX;
centerY = mouseInputY;
if(state.equals(“s”)){//设置螺旋状态
ballSizeLowerBound = 5;
ballSizeUpperBound = 18;
radiusLowerBound = 0;
radiusUpperBound = 50;
radiusXMultiplier = 1;
radiusYMultiplier = 1;
}
if(state.equals(“p”)){//设置粒子状态
ballSizeLowerBound = 15;
ballSizeUpperBound = 20 random.nextInt(15);
radiusLowerBound = 5;
radiusUpperBound = 15 random.nextInt(34);
radiusXMultiplier = 1 random.nextInt(3);
radiusYMultiplier = 1 random.nextInt(3);
}
size = ballSizeUpperBound-1; //球大小
radius = radiusUpperBound-1;
if(instanceCount％2 == 0)//交替的螺旋方向
spiralDirection = -spiralDirection;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////
public int getXCoor(){return centerX x * spiralDirection;}
public int getYCoor(){return centerY y;}
public int getTheSize(){return size;}
public Color getColor(){return color;}
////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////
void move(){
// spiral：dr / dt在边界变化
if(radius> radiusUpperBound || radius< radiusLowerBound)
u = -u;
//螺旋形式公式：参数方程式
极性方程半径= theta
x =(int)(radius * radiusXMultiplier * Math.cos(theta));
y =(int)(radius * radiusYMultiplier * Math.sin(theta));
radius = 0.1 * u;
theta = 0.1;
//球尺寸公式
if(size == ballSizeUpperBound || size == ballSizeLowerBound)
t = -t;
size = t;
//球颜色变化
for(int i = 0; i 
   if(RGB [i]> = 250 || RGB [i]< = 4)
randomizeColor [i] = -randomizeColor [i];
RGB [0] = randomizeColor [0];
RGB [1] = randomizeColor [1];
RGB [2] = randomizeColor [2];
color = new Color(RGB [0],RGB [1],RGB [2]);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {

    SwingUtilities.invokelater(new Runnable() {

        public void run() {

            JFrame frame = new JFrame();

            frame.setTitle("And so the ball rolls");

            frame.setDefaultCloSEOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

            initContainer(frame);

            frame.pack();

            frame.setVisible(true);

        }

    });

}

public static void initContainer(Container container){
   GraphicsPanel graphicsPanel = new GraphicsPanel();

   MainPanel mainPanel = new MainPanel(graphicsPanel);

   container.add(mainPanel);

   graphicsPanel.startTimer();
}
@Override

public void init(){

    initContainer(this);

}public MainPanel(GraphicsPanel gPanel){

        this.gPanel = gPanel;

        add(gPanel);

        add(label);

    }private ArrayList<Particle> ballArr = new ArrayList<Particle>();

    private String state="s";         //"s"=spiral,state));

    }

    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}

    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){}

    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){}

    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {}
    class TimerListener implements ActionListener {

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

             for (Particle b: ballArr)

                 b.move();

             setBackground(Color.WHITE);

             repaint();
        }

    }
Solution
Do not set the constant interval timer Set timer once in Timer - in handler
>Get the current time (saved in framestarttime) > be your frame > set the timer to: interval - (newcurrenttime - framestarttime)
It should be more fluent. If you want to be really pro (and stay in Java), I think you must consider JavaFX